干旱区绿洲农田防护林增产效益研究——以民勤绿洲为例

通过对民勤绿洲巴丹吉林沙漠边缘25条农田防护林带的详细调查,研究农田防护林对林带生态环境要素影响和林下作物的生长状况。结果表明：1）农田防护林对林下作物叶面积有显著影响（P〈0.05）,主要集中在林下1倍树高范围内;2）农田防护林土壤含水量和土壤温度均有显著影响,随着与林带距离的增加,不同深度土壤含水量呈增加趋势（F=...     

基于ETM＋的湖南省四水流域遥感调查

利用美国Landsat-7的ETM＋数据作为主要数据源，采用ERMAPPER7．0专用图像处理软件制作了湖南省四水流域和洞庭湖水域解译图，获取了湖南省水资源的空间分布信息。结果表明：湘、资、沅、澧四水和洞庭湖水域面积总和为6224．72km^2，其中洞庭湖水域面积为2710．13km^2，湘江省内长度为722．07km，资水省内长度为687．31km，沅水省内长度为597．35km，澧水省内长度为423．57km，说明利用遥感技术调查湖南省水资源具有快速、准确和高效的特点。     

竹炭吸湿性的初步研究

选用箱式电阻炉和土窑烧制的竹炭,在不同温度和湿度条件下进行竹炭吸湿性变化的试验.结果表明:(1)500℃、600℃、800℃和土窑(二)的竹炭其吸湿性与温湿度有较显著关系;而700℃竹炭和土窑(一)竹炭的吸湿性与温湿度之间没有显著关系.在一定温湿度范围内,湿度对竹炭吸湿性的影响比温度显著.(2)不同炭化温度之间的竹炭其吸湿性不同.800℃的竹炭其吸湿性最大,其值为11.5%,500℃的竹炭最小,其值为8.6%;600℃的竹炭8.8%;700℃的竹炭为11.3%.(3)不同土窑的竹炭其吸湿性有显著差异.土窑(一)和土窑(二)的竹炭吸湿值分别为9.8%和6.4%.     

浅析临翔区退耕还林现状与对策

临沧市临翔区自2002年开始实施退耕还林工程，至今已完成0．98万hm^2。因此森林覆盖率提高了12.7个百分点；促进了农村产业结构调整；农民增收。然而还存在着治理模式单一、相关配套工程不落实、权属不清、后续产业发展迟缓等一系列问题。据此提出了今后的对策。     

湘西虎杖抑菌成分提取及其抑菌活性研究初报

以乙醇作溶剂,对湘西虎杖抑菌活性物提取条件进行研究,通过抑菌实验得到最佳提取条件为A3B2C3,即90%乙醇、60℃、3h, 该条件下的提取物对细菌生长的抑制活性最强,但对酵母菌无明显的效果,对三种受试细菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为0.25~ 0.5g/ml。提取物经85℃、100℃,15 min 或pH2~8 处理后仍具有较强的抑菌活性,其乙酸乙酯萃取物对三个菌都有较强的抑菌活性。     

武威绿洲温室果树主栽品种需冷量测定及其应用研究

通过定位定时采样,采用水培枝条法和武威绿洲12年来稳定通过≤7.2℃气温的平均初始日期,测算出8个温室葡萄主栽品种,3个温室油桃主栽品种,3个温室杏主栽品种的需冷量,为武威绿洲的温室果树栽培确定揭帘升温时间提供了科学依据。     

Integrated Control Technique of Poplar Diseases in China

IntroductionNowthereservedarea-ofartificialforestsis3.3333xlO7hm2inChina,whiletheareaofPoplaris6.6xlo6hm2.ltmakesChinabecomethelargestcountryinpossess-ingartificialforestsofPoplar.PoplarvarietiesandnumberincreasegraduallyWithartificialforestsofpopIarrapid…     

Influences of sand cover on erosion processes of loess slopes based on rainfall simulation experiments

Aeolian-fluvial interplay erosion regions are subject to intense soil erosion and are of particular concern in loess areas of northwestern China.Understanding the composition,distribution,and transport processes of eroded sediments in these regions is of considerable scientific significance for controlling soil erosion.In this study,based on laboratory rainfall simulation experiments,we analyzed rainfall-induced erosion processes on sand-covered loess slopes(SS)with different sand cover patterns(including length and thickness)and uncovered loess slopes(LS)to investigate the influences of sand cover on erosion processes of loess slopes in case regions of aeolian-fluvial erosion.The grain-size curves of eroded sediments were fitted using the Weibull function.Compositions of eroded sediments under different sand cover patterns and rainfall intensities were analyzed to explore sediment transport modes of SS.The influences of sand cover amount and pattern on erosion processes of loess slopes were also discussed.The results show that sand cover on loess slopes influences the proportion of loess erosion and that the compositions of eroded sediments vary between SS and LS.Sand cover on loess slopes transforms silt erosion into sand erosion by reducing splash erosion and changing the rainfall-induced erosion processes.The percentage of eroded sand from SS in the early stage of runoff and sediment generation is always higher than that in the late stage.Sand cover on loess slopes aggravates loess erosion,not only by adding sand as additional eroded sediments but also by increasing the amount of eroded loess,compared with the loess slopes without sand cover.The influence of sand cover pattern on runoff yield and the amount of eroded sediments is larger than that of sand cover amount.Furthermore,given the same sand cover pattern,a thicker sand cover could increase sand erosion while a thinner sand cover could aggravate loess erosion.This difference explains the existence of intense erosion on slopes that are thinly covered with sand in regions where aeolian erosion and fluvial erosion interact.     

小麦TaCYP78A5基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

细胞色素P450(Cytochromes P450)蛋白家族含有硫羟基和血红素结构域,参与多种生物合成,CYP78A家族成员对籽粒大小形成有重要的功能。利用同源克隆的方法,分别从小麦大粒品系‘P271’和小粒材料‘中国春’中扩增到位于2AS、2BS、2DS上的TaCYP78A5-2A、TaCYP78A5-2B和TaCYP78A5-2D基因,编码534、544、549个氨基酸。通过分析发现在‘P271’和‘中国春’克隆到的TaCYP78A5序列一致,说明TaCYP78A5基因在这2个粒型的小麦中是保守的。CYP78A家族在水稻和拟南芥中具有非自主性细胞表达模式,结合对CYP78A家族的生物进化关系研究发现,CYP78A家族的各个基因在单子叶植物中是保守的。‘P271’和‘中国春’籽粒大小的差异,可能是TaCYP78A5基因在‘P271’中的基因表达量高于‘中国春’,引起种子发育过程中内表皮细胞的增殖,从而促进种子表皮增大,使得‘P271’种子大小和质量增加。     

Induction of meiotic gynogenesis in bagrid catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis) with homologous sperm and its confirmation for female homogamety

The bagrid catfish, Pseudobagrus ussuriensis, exhibits significant sexual dimorphism in growth rate and body size with males growing faster than females. Therefore, an all‐male culture can dramatically increase the output and profitability of fishery products. According to the monosex breeding route, super‐male individuals’ acquirement by XY male sex reversal and artificial gynogenesis is the key step. An effective protocol to induce meiotic gynogenesis using homologous sperms has been developed in this study. The most effective UV irradiation for sperm genetic inactivation was found to be at a distance of 20 cm with 66 μW/cm² light intensity for 25 min. Optimal treatment for cold shock was 5 min post‐fertilization at 0‐4°C for 30 min, which gave the best survival rate of 13.65 ± 2.87%. The sex ratio in the meiotic gynogens showed a significant female‐biased deviation (p < .05); thirty meiogynogens and their parents were further analysed using a male‐specific AFLP marker, of which only the male parent produced a male‐specific DNA band of 412 bp. These results indicated the female homogametic XX/XY sex determination system in P. ussuriensis. The optimization of a protocol for the successful induction of meiogynogenesis in the bagrid catfish lays the basis for all‐male production and is useful in ascertaining the genetic sex determination system in this promising aquaculture species.